KnuthLab Exploration Rover with Researchers A. Fischer and N. Malakar

The LEGO Exploration Rover is powered by six NXT Standard Motors in a Rocker-Bogie suspension system used in all of the NASA Mars rover designs. The rover is approximately 1.5 ft high with a 1 ft x 1.5 ft base. It is larger than the NASA Sojourner Rover, which was part of the Pathfinder Mission to Mars in 1997, and smaller than the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. It can safely carry a payload of 8 pounds.

KnuthLab LEGO Exploration Rover

The white frame mounted on top of the rover is the Bayesian Vision-Based Navigation System being developed by Autonomous Exploration Inc. for NASA.

Check back, as we will be posting videos of its operation and discussing some of the important design features.

New Rotocaster Omni-Directional Wheel

While these are often used on robots with three wheels where all three rotate at different rates allowing the robot to go in any direction,

Three-Wheeled Omni-Wheel Prototype by Xander Soldaat at Bot Bench (click on image to see more)

There are several different options that one can consider. LEGO purists may consider making their own omni-directional wheel designs out of only official LEGO parts. Another option is to purchase manufactured omni-directional wheels. These come in two classes: those that are designed to be LEGO compatible, and those that are not LEGO compatible. In the latter case, one would have to construct some kind of coupling mechanism to enable the wheel to connect to LEGO parts.

Here are some of the options that I have found.

Omni-Directional Wheels Constructed from LEGO Parts

Omni-Directional LEGO Wheels by Xander at Bot Bench
These wheels use the LEGO pulley to get a six-fold symmetry. Each “wheel” uses 12 LEGO wheels. For archiving purposes, here are three pictures. Please visit Xander at Bot Bench for larger images and more details.

Omni-Directional LEGO Wheels by Xander Soldaat at Bot Bench

Details of Omni-Directional LEGO Wheels by Xander Soldaat at Bot Bench

Details of Omni-Directional LEGO Wheels by Xander Soldaat at Bot Bench

This amazing tank by Peer Kreuger also sports omni-directional wheels made from LEGO parts

LEGO Tank with LEGO Omni-Directional Wheels

The Omni Bot v2 by jason701802 also sports omni-directional wheels

Omni Bot v2 by jason701802

LEGO-compatible Manufactured Omni-Directional Wheels

This LEGO-compatible wheel is made by the School of Robotics

School of Robotics Omni-Directional Wheels

Rotacaster makes a LEGO-compatible omni-directional wheel:

Rotacaster Robot Wheel (LEGO-compatible)

Rotacaster is also coming out with a new design

New Rotocaster Omni-Directional Wheel

Rotacaster also produces several non-LEGO compatible designs.

Tetrix also makes LEGO-compatible Omni-Directional Wheels

Tetrix Omni-Directional Wheels

General Manufactured Omni-Directional Wheels

Mecanum Omni-Wheel Designed by Bengt Ilon in 1973 at the Mecanum AB Company

Mecanum Wheel

Mecanum Omni-Directional Wheel

Vex Omni-Directional Wheel

Vex Omni-Directional Wheel

Damon WH-01 Omni Directional Wheel (hexagon hole)
(Outer Diameter:60mm, Inner Diameter:11mm, Material: Nylon)

Damon WH-01 Omni-Directional Wheel

Kornylak Omni-Directional Wheel

Kornylak Omni-Directional Wheel

Kornylak Transwheel

Kornylak Transwheel

Kornylak Omni-Directional Wheel

Kornylak Omni-Directional Wheel

UAlbany Professor Kevin Knuth with a robot built from LEGOs. (Photo Mark Schmidt)

Kevin Knuth has a laboratory in the physics department of the University at Albany that is filled with LEGOs. The bricks are relatively cheap and can be used to rapidly prototype a robot’s body. Knuth’s robots are being programmed to solve such problems as mapping complex terrain.

At UAlbany Day on Saturday, Oct. 25, he will give a demonstration on Robotics and Robotic Exploration in Life Sciences Room 143 at 10:45 a.m.

More here:

http://www.albany.edu/news/update_4522.shtml

Building instructions for the robot shown in the UAlbany article can be found on Brickengineer.com

Visit Autonomous Exploration News for information on Knuth’s company Autonomous Exploration Inc.

Visit Robots Everywhere for a general blog on robotics news.

Announcing the launch of a new blog that focuses entirely on advances in robotics.

This blog will provide information about research-quality advances and links to the more technical aspects, such as journal papers, computer code, and other resources.

Please visit Robots Everywhere!

There are several ways to find the Center of Mass of the motor.  The most straightforward way is to hang the motor from an axle placed in one of the holes.  The motor will orient itself so that the Center of Mass lies directly below the axle.  By hanging a mass on a string from the axle, the Center of Mass must lie somewhere along the line defined by the string. 

After performing this experiment, I placed a small piece of Scotch tape over the string so that I can keep track of where that line is.  I then cut the string off of the axle.

Now to find the precise point, we simply perform the experiment again, but place the axle through a different hole.  This gives us a second line.  Since the Center of Mass must be on both the first line and the second line, it is located at the intersection of these two lines.

The Center of Mass is very close to being aligned with the holes on the motor.  Below is an MLCAD image of the NXT motor (from Philo).  I have overlayed a Cartesian coordinate system that corresponds to that used to define the 3-D image file.  The origin of this system is at the center of the axle hole on the motors drive axis.  This is perfect for me since I will be rotating the motor and trying to compute the position of the Center of Mass after the motor has rotated through some arbitrary angle.

This image not only helps with identifying the Center of Mass of the NXT motor, but also in understanding the dimensions of the NXT motor overall.

Kevin Knuth
Albany NY

The RWTH – Mindstorms NXT Toolbox for MATLAB® was developed as a student project in the Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision at RWTH Aachen University in Aachen Germany. It provides a Matlab interface with the NXT brick that includes Bluetooth communication, sensor interface and motor interface. It requires a working Matlab license, of course.

The package is very easy to set up. It took me less than ten minutes to successfully test the example programs over Bluetooth.

There are some very nice motor features, such as motor synchronization and speed ramp-up and ramp-down.

I have yet to explore how easy it is to modify or extend the code, but it ought to be a straightforward matter.

The package can be downloaded from
http://www.mindstorms.rwth-aachen.de

Kevin Knuth
Albany NY

The others, I have not yet had a chance to review.

The LEGO Mindstorm NXT robotics system is an excellent testbed for research in machine learning and artificial intelligence.  At Knuthlab Robotics at the University at Albany, we are developing intelligent instruments using LEGOs.

Our first instrument is a robotic arm that is designed to locate a characterize a white circle on a black background using the LEGO light sensor.  It relies on Bayesian inference, which is implemented using a technique called Nested Sampling, which was developed by John Skilling.  This software allows the robot to learn the characteristics of the circle using the light sensor data that it has collected.  The real advance here is the inquiry engine, which uses Bayesian adaptive exploration to decide which measurements to take next.  It does this by considering all the possible measurements that it could take, and computes the expected gain in information from each possible measurement.  It then chooses to take the measurement with the greatest expected information gain.  The process then repeats as the robot learns about the circle.

The system is easily generalized to solving other problems, such as exploring rooms, interpreting people’s emotions, and doing real science.

We recently presented our research at the MaxEnt 2007 workshop in Saratoga Springs NY.  Below are links to a video of the talk, my slides, and our research paper.

Video: Designing Intelligent Instruments, K.H. Knuth

Slides: Designing Intelligent Instruments, K.H. Knuth

Research Paper:
Knuth K.H., Erner P.M., Frasso S. 2007. Designing intelligent instruments. K.H. Knuth, A. Caticha, J.L. Center, A. Giffin, C.C. Rodriguez (eds.), Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA, 2007, AIP Conference Proceedings 954, American Institute of Physics, Melville NY, In press.